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LPC1768 ARM Cortex-M3 IAR Demo
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This page presents an IAR web server and USB demo that is pre-configured to run on the evaluation board that comes in the KSK-LPC1768-PL Kickstart Kit. The evaluation board is fitted with an LPC1768 Cortex-M3 microcontroller from NXP.
The demo uses:
- The FreeRTOS IAR ARM Cortex-M3 port.
- The IAR Embedded Workbench V5.40.
- Adam Dunkels open source uIP embedded TCP/IP stack to implement a web server with CGI scripting.
- Bertrik Sikkens open source LPCUSB USB stack to implement a CDC class echo server.
FreeRTOS has made some modifications to the uIP stack since this demo was created. See the Embedded Ethernet Examples List page for more information.
The FreeRTOS ARM Cortex-M3 port includes a full interrupt nesting model. Interrupt priorities must be set in accordance with the instructions on the Customisation page for correct operation.
Note: If this project fails to build then it is likely the version of IAR Embedded Workbench being used is too old. If this is the case, then it is also likely that the project file has been (silently) corrupted and will need to be restored to its original state before it can be built even with an updated IAR version.
IMPORTANT! Notes on using the NXP ARM Cortex-M3 Web Server Demo
Please read all the following points before using this RTOS port.See also the FAQ My application does not run, what could be wrong?
Source Code Organisation
The IAR Embedded Workbench workspace for the LPC1768 demo is called RTOSDemo.eww and can be found in the FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR directory.The FreeRTOS zip file download contains the files for all the ports and demo application projects. It therefore contains many more files than used by this demo. See the Source Code Organization section for a description of the downloaded files and information on creating a new project.
The Demo Application
web server configuration
Connect the evaluation board to a computer running a web browser either directly using a point to point (crossover) cable, or via a Ethernet switch using a standard Ethernet cable.The IP address used by the demo is set by the constants configIP_ADDR0 to configIP_ADDR3 within the file FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR/FreeRTOSConfig.h. The MAC address and net mask are configured within the same header file.
The IP addresses used by the web browser computer and the evaluation board must be compatible. This can be ensured by making the first three octets of both IP addresses identical. For example, if the web browser computer uses IP address 192.168.100.1, then the development board can be given any address in the range 192.168.100.2 to 192.168.100.254 (barring any addresses already present on the network).
Building and executing the demo application
- Open FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR from within the Embedded Workbench IDE.
- Kickstart versions of Embedded Workbench can only be used with compiled binary images of 32K bytes and under - it is necessary to set the compiler optimisation to 'medium' prior to compilation if the Kickstart edition is being used.
- Connect the evaluation board to the host computer using a J-Link USB JTAG interface.
- Select "Download and Debug" from the "Project" menu - the demo application should build with no errors or warnings before being programmed into the LPC1768 Flash memory. The debugger will break at the start of main().
Functionality
The demo application creates 34 tasks before starting the RTOS scheduler. The tasks consist primarily of the standard demo tasks (see the demo application section for details of the individual tasks). They exist to demonstrate how the FreeRTOS API can be used and test the FreeRTOS port only, and have no other useful purpose.The following tasks and tests are created in addition to the standard demo tasks:
- Check function - called from the tick hook
This only executes every five seconds. Its main function is to check that all the standard demo tasks are still operational. The check function maintains a status string that can be viewed on the "Task Stats" page served by the uIP TCP/IP web server.
- uIP task
This is the task that handles the uIP stack. All TCP/IP processing is performed in this task.
- USB task
This is the task that handles the USB stack. The USB device will enumerate as a CDC device. The USB task simply echoes received characters with an offset which by default is one. Therefore if 'A' is received 'B' will be echoed back. If 'x' is received 'y' will be echoed back, etc.
When executing correctly the demo application will behave as follows:
- User LED 1 is controlled by a basic 'flash' task that simply toggles the LED once per second.
- The USB device port of the evaluation board will enumerate as a CDC class device. To use the USB port (assuming a Windows host computer):
- Connect the LPC1768 to your host computer using the USB device port of the evaluation board (ensuring the jumpers are set correctly for device operation, see the underside of the board for jumper settings).
- The host computer should recognise the new USB connection and prompt for the location of a suitable .inf file. Select the option to manually select the .inf file location, then browse to usbser.inf which is located in the FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR directory. Assuming usbser.sys is available on your host computer the CDC device will be assigned a COM port number. The Windows Device Manager can be used to ascertain the actual number assigned.
- Open up a dumb terminal such as Hyperterminal and select the enumerated COM port number. Other parameters such as baud rate and flow control settings are not required and can be left at their default values.
- Type 'A' into the terminal window, if everything is working correctly you should see 'B' echoed back.
Note that a queue is used to pass each individual character between the USB interrupt service routine and the USB task. This is a convenient method for a slow echo server, but very inefficient if large amounts of data are to be transferred.
- The target hardware will serve the web pages described below to a standard web browser. To connect to the target:
- Open a web browser on the connected computer.
- Type "HTTP://" followed by the target IP address into the browsers address bar.
Entering the IP address into the web browser
(obviously use the correct IP address for your system)
Served Web Pages
The top of each served page includes a menu containing a link to every other page.
The served RTOS stats page showing status information on each task in the system.
The served run time stats page showing the processor utilisation of each task.
The served IO page
The IO page provides a simple interface that permits data to be sent to an LED. The check box permits the state of the user LED 2 to be both set and queried. Changes are sent to the target hardware by clicking the "Update IO" button.
The TCP Stats and Connections pages display run time networking information.
RTOS Configuration and Usage Details
RTOS port specific configuration
Configuration items specific to these demos are contained in FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR/FreeRTOSConfig.h. The constants defined in this file can be edited to suit your application. In particular -- configTICK_RATE_HZ
This sets the frequency of the RTOS tick. The supplied value of 1000Hz is useful for testing the RTOS kernel functionality but is faster than most applications require. Lowering this value will improve efficiency.
- configKERNEL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY and configMAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY
See the RTOS kernel configuration documentation for full information on these configuration constants.
The lowest priority on a ARM Cortex-M3 core is in fact 255 - however different ARM Cortex-M3 vendors implement a different number of priority bits and supply library functions that expect priorities to be specified in different ways. Use the supplied examples as a reference.
Each port #defines 'BaseType_t' to equal the most efficient data type for that processor. This port defines BaseType_t to be of type long.
Note that vPortEndScheduler() has not been implemented.
Interrupt service routines
In the demo application the vector table remains in flash.Unlike most ports, interrupt service routines that cause a context switch have no special requirements and can be written as per the compiler documentation. The macro portEND_SWITCHING_ISR() can be used to request a context switch from within an ISR. An example interrupt service routine called vEMAC_ISR() is provided in FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR/webserver/emac.c. This should be used as a reference example.
Note that portEND_SWITCHING_ISR() will leave interrupts enabled.
Switching between the pre-emptive and co-operative RTOS kernels
Set the definition configUSE_PREEMPTION within FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_LPC1768_IAR/FreeRTOSConfig.h to 1 to use pre-emption or 0 to use co-operative.Compiler options
As with all the ports, it is essential that the correct compiler options are used. The best way to ensure this is to base your application on the provided demo application files.Memory allocation
Source/Portable/MemMang/heap_2.c is included in the ARM Cortex-M3 demo application project to provide the memory allocation required by the RTOS kernel. Please refer to the Memory Management section of the API documentation for full information.
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Version 10.1.1 of the FreeRTOS kernel is available for immediate download. MIT licensed.
View a recording of the "OTA Update Security and Reliability" webinar, presented by TI and AWS.
FreeRTOS and other embedded software careers at AWS.
